CONTENTS

1. Aims and Scope

2. Manuscript submission overview

3. Manuscript preparation

4. Abbreviations, symbols, and nomenclature

5. Research ethics

6. Publication ethics

7. Journal contact details

JABET is a peer-reviewed journal devoted to publishing the latest developments in translational research and recent discoveries in the field of Biotechnology and Biomedical Sciences. Submission is encouraged of papers that involve genetic, molecular, and cellular studies of human, animal, environmental, and plant subjects. Papers should provide rigorous quantitative analyses and/or new insights into biochemical mechanisms.

Topics of particular interest within the journal’s scope include, but are not limited to, those listed below:

• Cellular and Molecular Biology
• Genomics and Bioinformatics
• Plant medicine and Pharmacology
• Immunology and Physiology
• Inflammation and Immunity
• Metabolism and Diseases
• Microbiology and Infection
• Nano-Bioscience and Diseases
• Reproductive and Aquatic Biology
• Stem Cells and Cancer Biology

Submission checklist:

• A correspondent is recommended to be a submitter. In some cases, the representative author might be the submitter.
• The authors' instructions should be read carefully before preparing the manuscript.
• Provided abstract meets specified word numbers (not exceeding 240 words for Original Article and Review Article/Short Communication).
• The cover letter should be prepared (should be inserted in the submission step).
• The title page and the rest of the manuscript text should be prepared in the same file. Figure files (maximum 7-8, TIFF or JPEG), Figure legends (detailed), and Tables should be inserted immediately after the cited text in the main manuscript file. Tables and Figures with 300dpi JPG or TIFF files should also be uploaded separately in the submission system. The results section is to be separated from the discussion. The result section is also to be divided into subsections using subtitles.
• ORCID ID (freely available at https://orcid.org) of authors (at least the corresponding author) should be provided during the online submission process.
• The font of the main text should be Times New Roman of 12 pt size, double-spaced.
• A maximum of 4-6 Keywords should be provided.
• At least two potential reviewers should be given with official address and Email.
• Ethical approval number and statement should be put in the materials and methods section if the animal or human subjects are used.
• Plagiarism should be checked and found below 15% (excluding the reference section).
• Page and line numbers should be inserted in the manuscript.
• A schematic diagram of a summary or abstract is highly recommended for original/review articles.
• References should be arranged using the Endnote style of JABET.
• The number of references should be less than 110 for review or less than 60 for other types of articles.

1. Original article
2. Review article
3. Short communication
4. Editorial article
5. Commentary

1. Original article
Title page: The title page should contain (i) the title of the paper, (ii) the full names of the authors, and (iii) the addresses of the institutions at which the work was carried out together with (iv) the full postal and email address, plus facsimile and telephone numbers of the author to whom correspondence about the manuscript should be sent. The title should be short (fewer than 100 characters) based on findings and contain the major keywords. The submitted manuscript or its essential content must not have been published previously or be under consideration for publication elsewhere. The title should not contain any non-standard abbreviations. Correspondence should be marked as * and equal contributing authors should be marked as †.

Abstract: The abstract should be brief not exceeding 240 words. The purposes of an abstract are to give a clear indication of the objective, scope, and results of the paper so that readers may determine whether the full text will be of particular interest to them. The order should be Background > Objective > Materials and methods > Results > Conclusion (paragraph for each category is not required). 

Keywords: Each paper should have 4-6 keywords indicating the contents of the manuscripts. The keywords are used for indexing, abstracting, and retrieval purposes.

Introduction: The introductory section should contain a brief review of the problem with which the study deals, validate the approach taken, and clearly formulate the goals. It is recommended to use the present indefinite verb tense.

Materials and Methods: This section comprises a full description of methods and this section should be divided into several subsections using subtitles based on the method used. The original names of instruments and reagents should be specified, and the manufacturer’s name (company, country) should be given in parentheses. Please indicate the source from which the sample has been obtained. Ethical statements are to be mentioned here (if animal or human subjects are used).

Results: Results should be illustrated by tables and figures (which should not duplicate each other). Rather than mechanically repeating the data of tables and graphs, the text should seek to reveal the principles detected. It is recommended to use past indefinite verb tense in describing the results. Importantly, the results section is to be separated from the discussion. Also, this section should be divided into several subsections using subtitles based on the findings, not based on methods.

Discussion: This section should provide a concise description of the experimental data obtained. Rather than mechanically repeating the data of tables and graphs, the text should seek to reveal the principles detected. It is recommended to use the present indefinite verb tense in describing the results. The discussion should not reiterate the results. The end of this section may contain the limitations of the study.

Conclusion: This section should be completed with a major conclusion that answers the question specified in the introductory part of the article.

Acknowledgment: The source of financial grants and other funding must be acknowledged, including a frank declaration of the authors’ industrial links and affiliations. The contribution of colleagues or institutions should also be acknowledged. Personal thanks and thanks to anonymous reviewers are not appropriate. (It will be assumed that the absence of such an acknowledgment is a statement by the authors that no support was received.)

Conflicts of interest: No conflict of interest from the authors regarding the publication of this manuscript. But, please mention if there is any.

Authors contribution: XX designed outlines and drafted the manuscript.  XX and YY performed the experiments and analyzed the data. XX and YY wrote the initial draft of the manuscript. XX, XY, and ZX reviewed the scientific contents described in the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final submitted version of the manuscript.

Reference: The number of references should be less than 110 for review and less than 60 for other types (original articles) of articles. At least 40% of references should be taken from recent years (last five years). References older than the year 2000 should be avoided. The references should be numbered in the order in which they appear in the text in brackets eg. [1], [2, 3], [4-8]. References to published abstracts should be mentioned in the text but not in the reference list.
In the reference list, cite the names of all authors when there are two or one; when three or more, list the first two followed by et al. Reference to unpublished data and personal communications should not appear in the list but should be cited in the text only (e.g. Smith A, 2007, unpubl. data). All citations mentioned in the text, tables or figures must be listed in the reference list. For referencing, please use the EndNote style of JABET. Names of journals should be abbreviated in the style used in PubMed. Authors are responsible for the accuracy of the references.

Journal article

• Voskoboinik I, Trapani JA, et al. Addressing the mysteries of perforin function. Immunol Cell Biol. 2006; 84: 66-71. (Use et al. when authors are more than 2).
• Voskoboinik I, Jelinic P. Addressing the mysteries of perforin function. Immunol Cell Biol. 2006; 84: 66-71.

Journal article – no pagination

• Jelinic P, Stehle JC. The testis-specific factor CTCFL cooperates with the protein methyltransferase PRMT7 in H19 imprinting control region methylation. PLoS Biol 2006; 4: e355. 

Journal article – in press

• Davis ID, Chen Q, et al. Blood dendritic cells generated with Flt3 ligand and CD40 ligand prime CD8+ T cells efficiently in cancer patients. J Immunother (in press).

Journal article – e-pub ahead of print

• Liston A, Siggs O. Tracing the action of IL-2 in tolerance to islet-specific antigen. Immunol Cell Biol 2007; e-pub ahead of print 20 March 2007.

Book

• Peltz G. Computational Genetics and Genomics: Tools for Understanding Disease. Humana Press: Totowa, NJ, USA, 2005.

Chapter in a Book

• Durham SR. Eosinophils and bronchial hyper-responsiveness in bronchial asthma. In: Kay AB (ed). Eosinophils, Allergy and Asthma. Blackwell Science: Oxford, UK, 1990, pp 140–43.

Internet sources

• WHO (2020). Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) Situation Report – 81.

Figures: A maximum of 7-8 figures are allowed to embed in the text. Figures should be inserted immediately after the cited text in the main manuscript file. Please make the illustrations using an acceptable format: TIFF or JPEG (resolution independent files). Tables and Figures with 300dpi JPG or TIFF files should also be uploaded separately in the submission system. If accepted, authors will be asked to send us an illustrator (EPS) file or PPT file. If a table or figure has been published before, the authors must obtain written permission to reproduce the material in both print and electronic formats from the copyright owner and submit it with the manuscript. This follows for quotes, illustrations, and other materials taken from previously published works not in the public domain. The original source should be cited in the figure caption. These should be also uploaded separately in the system (300 dpi).

Figure legends: Figures should be labeled sequentially, numbered, and cited in the text. Figure legends should be inserted immediately after the individual figures in the main manuscript file. Each panel in the figure should be labeled in upper case letters (A, B, C...). Figure legends should be detailed, and specific. appear on a separate manuscript page after the References section. Refer to (and cite) figures specifically in the text of the paper. Each figure legend should have a brief title that describes the entire figure, followed by a description of each panel. For any figures presenting pooled data, the measures should be defined in the figure legends (for example, data are represented as mean +/- SEM, number of replications (n), etc.).

Tables: Tables should be typed as text, using either ‘tabs’ or a table editor for layout. Do not use graphics software to create tables. These should be labeled sequentially as Table 1, Table 2, etc. Each table should be numbered, and titled (short) and cited immediately after the text. Reference to table footnotes should be made by means of Arabic numerals. Tables should not duplicate the content of the text. They should consist of at least two columns; columns should always have headings. Authors should ensure that the data in the tables are consistent with those cited in the relevant places in the text, totals add up correctly, and percentages have been calculated correctly. Unlike figures, tables may be uploaded as separate electronic files in the submission system.

Supplementary information: Supplementary figures/tables should be labeled sequentially, numbered, and cited in the main text. Supplementary information such as methods & materials, figures, figure legends, and tables are to be uploaded as a single Word file (make the illustrations using an acceptable format: TIFF or JPEG) which will be considered for uploading to the JABET website if the article is accepted. Any other file format (videos, audio, etc.) is not accepted.

Requirements for gels and blots: All images must have sufficient resolution and quality. Rearranging bands, composing images from multiple experiments such as splicing lanes from multiple blots to fabricate a specific experimental outcome, image processing leading to a distortion of the originally contained information or similar operations and editing are in general forbidden and will lead to immediate rejection without further review. This behavior may be considered as scientific misconduct and lead to further investigation. Molecular size markers should be included on each gel/blot and positive and negative controls must be included where relevant. Replicates are necessary for all experiments including gels and blots, and authors should be prepared to submit them for review upon request. The number of repetitions should be clearly indicated in the Figure Legend.  

2. Review article
The abstract should include background, objectives, main focusing points described in the paper, and conclusion or implication of the study. Illustration of the contents using tables, figures, and sketches are preferable. Should cite a maximum of 110 references, most of which should be recent ones. For referencing, please use the EndNote style of JABET.

3. Short communication
These are short reports of original research focused on an outstanding finding whose importance means that it will be of interest to scientists in other fields. It does not normally exceed 4-5 pages and allows up to 30 references. These typically have 2 or 3 small display items (figures or tables). It begins with a fully referenced paragraph, ideally of about 150 words, but certainly, no more than 240 words, aimed at readers in other disciplines. This paragraph starts with a 2-3 sentence basic introduction to the field; followed by a one-sentence statement of the main conclusions starting; and finally, 2-3 sentences putting the main findings into general context so it is clear how the results are described in the paper have moved the field forwards. The rest of the text is typically about 1,200 words long. Any discussion at the end of the text should be as succinct as possible, not repeating previous summary/introduction material, to briefly convey the general relevance of the work. For referencing, please use the EndNote style of JABET.

4. Editorial article
Editorial articles are written by the Editor-in-Chief or by editorial board members upon invitation. There is no fixed format. However, this could be formatted as described in Short Communication. The abstract is not mandatory. The maximum number of references is 10.  For referencing, please use the EndNote style of JABET. 

5. Commentary  
The commentary articles should highlight comments/opinions/expert views particularly the most recent advances in plant science research. Commentary articles should define the contribution of 1 or maximum 2 recent discoveries works that have highlighted the recent breakthrough in plant science. A maximum of 1 new represented illustration and a total of 10 updated references are allowed. The authors should write a pre-submission approval inquiry to the Editors-in-Chief before submitting a commentary article. For referencing, please use the EndNote style of JABET.

• Abbreviations of chemical, biological, medical or other terms should be used if that is accepted internationally. All specifications must be stated according to the S.I. system. Concentrations of chemical solutions are to be given in mol/L. All other concentrations should be given in % (volume or weight).
• The full name must be stated in brackets when the abbreviation is first used.
• Some abbreviations: Hours >> h, Minutes >> min, grams >> g
• All biological, medical, chemical or other terms should be used according to the most recent recommendations of the respective international nomenclature.
• Enzymes should be given in I.U. (International Units), according to Enzyme Nomenclature (Elsevier Publishing Co., 1965).
• In the case of commercially obtained substances or reagents, when they are first mentioned in the text, the name and address of the manufacturer or supplier should be given as a footnote.
• Products (preparations etc.) with a registered trademark should be marked with.
• Bacterial names should be in accordance with the latest edition of Bergey’s Manual of Determinative Bacteriology (The Williams and Wilkins Co., Baltimore).
• Viruses are to be given the classification and names recommended by the International Committee on the Nomenclature of Viruses.
• Names of micro-organisms and zoological names should be in italics in the manuscript.

• The author should follow the moral code during data preparation for the manuscript
• The authors must ensure that all the material is original and owned by the authors and/no permission is required from third parties.

Ethical approval for animals and human subjects
When experimental animals (All live animals considered experimental when using for the study) are used, the methods section must clearly indicate that adequate measures were taken to minimize pain or discomfort. Experiments should be carried out in accordance with the Guidelines laid down by the International Animal Ethics Committee or Institutional Ethics Committee and in accordance with local laws and regulations.

When reporting a study that involved human participants, their data or biological material, authors should include a statement that confirms that the study was approved (or granted exemption) by the appropriate institutional and/or national research ethics committee (including the name of the ethics committee) and certify that the study was performed in accordance with the ethical standards as laid down in the 1964 Declaration of Helsinki and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. If doubt exists whether the research was conducted in accordance with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration or comparable standards, the authors must explain the reasons for their approach, and demonstrate that an independent ethics committee or institutional review board explicitly approved the doubtful aspects of the study. If a study was granted exemption from requiring ethics approval, this should also be detailed in the manuscript (including the reasons for the exemption).

All studies using human or animal subjects should include an explicit statement in the Material and Methods section identifying the review and ethics committee approval for each study, if applicable. Editors reserve the right to reject papers if there is doubt as to whether appropriate procedures have been used. 

Informed consent
Individual participants in the studies require informed consent, which should be recognized in the manuscript. Participants have a privacy right which should not be violated without informed consent. Recognizing information, including names, initials, or hospital numbers, should not be published in written forms, photographs, or histories unless the information is essential for scientific purposes and the patient or guardian gives written informed consent for publication. Authors should disclose any possible distinguishable material that might be accessible to the participants via electronic as well as in print after publication. As per local regulations or laws, the patient consent should be written and archived with the journal, the authors, or both. Participants' confidentiality is better guarded by having the author archive the consent and instead providing the journal with a written statement that attests that they have received and archived written participants' consent. After obtaining the informed consent, it should be specified in the published paper.
Unnecessary recognizing details should be avoided. Informed consent for publication should be obtained if there is any doubt. For example, masking the eye region in photographs of participants is inadequate protection of anonymity. If identifying characteristics are altered to protect anonymity, such as in genetic profiles, authors should provide assurance that alterations do not distort the scientific meaning.
Participants identifiers will not be published in JABET unless written informed consent is given and the content is essential for the scientific purpose and merit of the manuscript. Photographs of subjects showing any identifiable features must be accompanied by their signed release authorizing the publication, as must case reports that provide enough unique identification of a person to make recognition possible. Rejection of manuscript may occur if there is any failure to obtain informed consent of participants prior to manuscript submission.
There are few exceptions where it is not necessary to obtain consent such as a) images such as x-rays, laparoscopic images, ultrasound images, brain scans, and pathology slides unless there is a concern about identifying information in which case, authors should ensure that consent is obtained and, b) reuse of images: if images are being reused from prior publications, the publisher will assume that the prior publication obtained the relevant information regarding consent. Authors should provide the appropriate acknowledgment for republished images. 

Clinical trials registration
JABET follows the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE) guidelines which require and recommend registration of clinical trials in a public trials registry at or before the time of first patient enrollment as a condition of consideration for publication. Studies that are just observational don't need to be registered. A clinical trial is any study that involves participant randomization and group categorization in the context of the intervention being evaluated. It does not simply relate to studies that are conducted in hospitals or that use medications. Authors are strongly encouraged to pre-register clinical trials with international clinical trials register and cite a reference to the registration in the Methods section. Suitable databases include clinicaltrials.gov, the EU Clinical Trials Register, and those listed by the World Health Organisation International Clinical Trials Registry Platform. Prospective clinical trial registration is not the same as study approval by a neutral local, regional, or national review agency. JABET reserves the right to decline any paper without trial registration for further peer review. However, if the study protocol has been published before the enrolment, the registration can be waived with the correct citation of the published protocol.

JABET follows the rules and regulations set by ICMJE (The International Committee of Medical Journal Editors). So, the authors are requested to prepare their manuscripts accordingly for publication.

Authorship
According to the ICMJE, authorship criteria should be based on- 1) substantial contributions to the conception and design of, or acquisition of data or analysis and interpretation of data, 2) drafting the article or revising it critically for important intellectual content, and 3) final approval of the version to be published. Authors should meet conditions 1, 2, and 3. Before submission, all authors must read and approve the final version of the manuscript. All named authors must have made an active contribution to the conception and design and/or analysis and interpretation of the data and/or the drafting of the paper. It is a requirement that all authors have been accredited as appropriate upon submission of the manuscript. Contributors who do not qualify as authors should be mentioned under Acknowledgements.

Change in authorship
We do not allow any change in authorship after provisional acceptance. We cannot allow any addition, deletion, or change in the sequence of an author's name. We have this policy to prevent fraud.

Acknowledgments
Under the acknowledgments section, please specify contributors to the article other than the authors accredited. Please also include specifications of the source of funding for the study and any potential conflict of interest if appropriate. Suppliers of materials should be named and their location (town, state/county, country) included.

Plagiarism
All submissions to JABET are screened by iThenticate or Turnitin, the professional plagiarism checkers. Manuscripts that are found to have been plagiarized by authors, whether published or unpublished, will not be accepted for publication. To reduce the similarity, please give proper citations and use the words/sentences carefully. A maximum of 15% similarity is accepted (without references).

Reviewers recommendation
Authors can recommend potential reviewers. Journal editors will check to make sure there are no conflicts of interest before contacting those reviewers, and will not consider those with competing interests. Reviewers are asked to declare any conflicts of interest. Authors can also enter the names of potential peer reviewers they wish to exclude from consideration in the peer review of their manuscript, during the initial submission process. The editorial team will respect these requests so long as this does not interfere with the objective and thorough assessment of the submission.

Conflict of interests
The author must declare any conflict of interest in relation to financial benefits or others. Besides, as a member of a journal’s Editorial Board, the editor needs to be very aware of the risk of conflicts when handling a manuscript.

Firstly, editors should assess their own potential conflicts. If they have recently coauthored with the author(s) of the manuscript, they could be perceived to be influenced by their relationship. JABET aims to avoid assigning papers to Editors who might have conflicts, but we also expect our Editors to declare any conflicts. If they believe a conflict exists, they should refuse to handle the manuscript.
As a subject expert, the journal relies on the editor’s knowledge of the discipline to assess any conflicts declared by a submitting author. They are also uniquely placed to be able to identify any undeclared conflicts that an author might have. They should think about these factors when making a recommendation on the manuscript. They should also consider potential conflicts when assigning the manuscript to reviewers.

JABET performs conflict of interest checks on all reviewers before they receive the manuscript for review, but they should also rely on their knowledge of the sector to inform assignments they make. Typically, they should not select a referee who:
-works or has recently worked at the same institution as the author or authors; or
-has recently coauthored a paper with the author or authors; or
-has a recent or current collaboration with the author or authors.

Reviewers should decline to review a submission when they:
-Have a recent publication or current submission with any author
-Share or have recently shared an affiliation with any author
-Collaborate or have recently collaborated with any author
-Have a close personal connection to any author
-Have a financial interest in the subject of the work
-Feel unable to be objective

Permission
If all or parts of previously published illustrations are used, permission must be obtained from the copyright holder concerned. It is the author’s responsibility to obtain these in writing and provide copies to the Publishers.

Declaration 
The corresponding author must declare in the cover letter that the manuscript has not been submitted to any journal for possible publication, or has not been published elsewhere (in part or full). If we notice such kind of malpractice, the author(s) will be blacklisted for our journal, and no article from those authors will be processed in the future. Besides, the list of authors may be forwarded to the editors of other related journals around the world. See the COPE guidelines.

Copyright and license
Upon submitting an article, authors should be agreed to abide by an open-access Creative Commons license. Under the terms of this license, authors retain ownership of the copyright of their articles. However, the license permits any user to download, print out, extract, reuse, archive, and distribute the article, so long as appropriate credit is given to the authors and the source of the work. The license ensures that the article will be available as widely as possible and that the article can be included in any scientific archive.

ORCID

As part of the journal’s commitment to supporting authors at every step of the publishing process, the ORCID ID (freely available at https://orcid.org) of authors (at least the corresponding and submitting authors) should be provided during the online submission process.

Citations
Research articles and non-research articles (e.g. Editorial, Review, and Commentary articles) must cite appropriate and relevant literature in support of the claims made. Excessive self-citation, coordinated efforts among several authors to collectively self-cite, gratuitous and unnecessary citation of articles published in the journal to which the paper has been submitted, and any other form of citation manipulation are inappropriate. Citation manipulation will result in the article being rejected and may be reported to authors’ institutions.  Similarly, any attempts by peer-reviewers or editors to encourage such practices should be reported by authors to the publisher. 

After acceptance

• Upon acceptance, the corresponding or submitting author is given 1 week of time for the completion of the article processing charge (APC) payment. Upon receiving the payment, English language editing, copyediting, and typesetting are done. Then, the manuscript is formatted to make a galley proof.

• The galley proof is sent as a PDF file to the corresponding or submitting author, and 3 days are given for the necessary corrections by the authors. The purpose of the galley proof is to check for typesetting or conversion errors and the completeness and accuracy of the text, tables, and figures. Substantial changes in content, e.g., new results, corrected values, title, and authorship, are not allowed without the approval of the Editor-in-Chief. Please note that the authors are responsible for all statements made in their work, including changes made.

• Once the corrections are effected in the galley proof, the article is sent to the Editor-in-Chief for the final quality control step. Once the final quality control step is completed, DOI, issue, and page numbers are assigned. Then the article is published under the forthcoming issue.

  N.B. If the corresponding author fails to complete the payment process within 1 week, he or she should communicate the cause immediately, otherwise, the article will be deleted from the journal system. It is done to keep the length of publication time minimum.

Open access and fees
Open access refers to the practice of making peer-reviewed scholarly research and literature freely available online to anyone interested in reading it without any restriction. The open-access publications are freely and permanently available online to anyone with internet access. Unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium is permitted, provided the author/editor is properly attributed. In case of open access, after acceptance, the article will be subject to an APC. You can read more about APCs and whether you may be eligible for waivers or discounts.

Post-publication corrections 
A Correction notice will be issued when it is necessary to correct an error or omission, where the interpretation of the article may be impacted but the scholarly integrity or original findings remains intact. A correction notice, where possible, should always be written and approved by all authors of the original article. On very rare occasions where there is a need to correct an error made in the publication process, the journal may be required to issue a correction without the authors’ direct input. However, should this occur, the journal will make its best efforts to notify the authors. Please note that correction requests may be subject to full review, and if queries are raised, you may be expected to supply further information before the correction is approved.

Malpractice and retraction
The JABET has the full privilege to withdraw or retract any article that is proven to involve malpractice or scientific misconduct. If any scientific misconduct (e.g., research without required ethical approvals, fabricated data, manipulated images, plagiarism, duplicate publication, etc.) is proven regarding the methods, results, data, or figures of a manuscript during processing and/or after publishing, the manuscript must be permanently withdrawn from the journal without further explanation or accountability. In such a case, the listed author or group of authors will not be considered for any further submissions to this journal. The decision to retract an article will be made in accordance with both JABET and COPE guidelines.

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Journal of Advanced Biotechnology and Experimental Therapeutics
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